Kubernetes manages containerized applications. These were other tools people reached for at the time.
Docker Swarm
Native clustering for Docker. It turns a pool of Docker hosts into one virtual Docker host. Because Swarm serves the standard Docker API, a tool that already talks to a Docker daemon can use Swarm to scale across hosts. Tools that fit that pattern included the Docker client, Dokku, Docker Compose, Docker Machine, and Jenkins. Docker Swarm overview
Apache Mesos
A platform for fine-grained resource sharing in the data center. Introduction
Nomad
Manages a cluster of machines and runs applications on them. You declare what you want to run. Nomad decides where and how. Nomad introduction
Marathon
A framework for orchestrating containers. Marathon introduction
Written in December 2017, and left as a record of that moment. Newer writing here is on VMware Cloud Foundation, Avi, and NSX.
